Microscopic Batteries
As wireless electronics become smaller and smaller, the need for batteries which are very small increases as well. Batteries made with conventional processes are much too large for many small wireless devices.
In responding to this need, we have developed microscopic, rechargeable batteries. Batteries, as small as a human hair, can be made using our patented microfabrication processes, that are compatible with processes used to make integrated circuits. As such, batteries can be integrated with the rest of the device.
Batteries are based on the Lithium-ion (3.5 - 4 V) and the Nickel/Zinc (1.5 - 1.65 V) chemistries. The cells are made from materials which prevent the electrolyte from leaving the cell and damaging the rest of the circuit. Even small batteries (several mm2) can output several mW when needed for RF communication and other high rate needs. The batteries can also be charged and recharged repeatedly. Other microscopic battery types are under development, and batteries can be easily sized and shaped according to the needs of a given application.
When the batteries are combined with a micro control circuit the result is a powerful smart microscopic battery. The controller not only protects the battery from overcharge, but also allows the user to know the state of charge and health of the battery at any given moment.
When smart, microscopic batteries are combined with miniature photovoltaic array (or other energy harvesters), the result is a miniature power supply, that can power a variety of small microelectronic devices. This power supply can be used as a discrete component or can be implemented as part of a wholly integrated solution. Its available will serve to enable important emerging technologies, such as miniature wireless sensors and alarm systems.
Why Microscopic Batteries?
Power Supply Strategy Lacking for Many Miniature Wireless Electronics
Power Supply Strategy Ideally Part of Microfabrication Paradigm
Ð Integrable;
Ð Sized Appropriately for Application
Physical Size
Energy /Power Output
Remote, Autonomous Sensors
Holding Energy for Digital IC
DRAM
Microprocessor Cache
Wireless Communications
Very Low Power Communication
Identify Friend or Foe (IFF)
Remote, Low Duty-Cycle ICs
Remote Sensors
Large Sensor Arrays
RF Tags
Smart Cards